Del Mar Photonics - Newsletter Fall 2010 - Newsletter Winter 2010

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Photonics West 2011: Presentations related to LiNbO3

Low-threshold, quasi-cw terahertz parametric amplification in an external ring cavity with an MgO:LiNbO3 Crystal

Paper 7917-61 of Conference 7917
Date: Tuesday, 25 January 2011
Time: 6:00 PM

Author(s): Shingo Maeda, Tatsuya Ohira, Yuma Takida, Hiroshi Kumagai, Shigeki Nashima, Osaka City Univ. (Japan)
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We developed a terahertz parametric amplifier with an MgO-doped LiNbO3 (MgO: LN) nonlinear crystal in an external ring cavity with the enhancement of pump power. Moreover, the generated idler light was recycled by 2 additional flat mirrors so as to provide a contribution to parametric amplification. As a result, we obtained terahertz wave radiation at high-repetition of 80MHz. We additionally examined seed injection, which seed was provided a continuous-wave diode laser along the generated idler. In this presentation, we will show you the seed injection experimental results together with the effect of terahertz parametric amplification.

Hybrid Si-LiNbO3 micro-ring resonators for active microphotonic devices

Paper 7934-18 of Conference 7934
Date: Wednesday, 26 January 2011
Time: 10:10 AM – 10:30 AM

Author(s): Yoo Seung Lee, The Univ. of Southern California (United States); Gun-Duk Kim, Kwangwoon Univ. (Korea, Republic of); Sang-Shin Lee, Kwangwoon Univ. (Korea, Republic of) and The Univ. of Southern California (United States); Wan-Gyu Lee, National Nanofab Ctr. (Korea, Republic of); William H. Steier, The Univ. of Southern California (United States)
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A hybrid structure of LiNbO3 micro-platelet and Si micro-ring resonator has been fabricated. Free standing single crystal LiNbO3 micro-platens (mm long and 1 um thick) have been obtained by ion slicing. Their properties have been investigated by FESEM, XRD and AFM. Then, they were transferred, positioned and bonded to Si micro-ring structure. Theoretical calculation showed that a considerable effective index change of the Si waveguide could be achieved by the electro-optic effect in the LiNbO3 cladding layer. This is a promising approach to integrating a very good EO and NLO material into the SOI technology.

Influence of UV illumination on the cold temperature performance of a LiNbO3 Q-switched Nd:YAG laser

Paper 7912-76 of Conference 7912
Date: Tuesday, 25 January 2011
Time: 6:00 PM

Author(s): Brian J. Cole, Vernon King, Jeffrey Leach, Lew Goldberg, U.S. Army RDECOM CERDEC NVESD (United States)
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This paper will describe a technique based on UV illumination as a means to compensate pyrocharges accumulated on the end face of a LiNbO3 Q-switch that are associated with cold temperature operation and/or a rapid change in temperature. This method uses commercially available low cost UV LEDs that flood illuminate the LiNbO3 from the side. A LiNbO3 actively Q-switched Nd:YAG laser was evaluated over temperature and shown to have robust performance with rapid temperature cycling to cold temperatures (to negative 20C) in the presence of UV illumination, without evidence of pre-lasing that was otherwise observed with no UV illumination of the LiNbO3.

Parametric generation of terahertz wave pumped by picosecond Ti:sapphire laser with MgO-doped LiNbO3 installed in external enhancement cavity

Paper 7917-14 of Conference 7917
Date: Tuesday, 25 January 2011
Time: 11:40 AM – 12:00 PM

Author(s): Yuma Takida, Shingo Maeda, Tatsuya Ohira, Hiroshi Kumagai, Shigeki Nashima, Osaka City Univ. (Japan)
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We built an external enhancement cavity with MgO-doped LiNbO3 (MgO:LN) and then enhanced the pump light in the cavity. Considering that the idler light generated in MgO:LN with the different angle of about 1 degree to the pumping light, we designed carefully the cavity in order to circulating the idler light as well as pump light simultaneously. In the cavity, the circulated idler light could contribute to the terahertz parametric generation induced by the next pumping pulse. As a result, when the idler light circulating the cavity, we demonstrated a clear enhancement of the idler intensity.

Accelerated binding kinetics by surface acoustic waves (SAW) micromixing in surface plasmon resonance (SPR) system for biodetection

Paper 7929-19 of Conference 7929
Date: Tuesday, 25 January 2011
Time: 11:10 AM – 11:30 AM

Author(s): Alan Renaudin, Vincent Chabot, Etienne Grondin, Vincent Aimez, Paul G. Charette, Univ. de Sherbrooke (Canada)
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A design incorporating surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensing and surface acoustic wave (SAW) active microfluidic mixing, integrated on a single LiNbO3 piezoelectric substrate, is presented. Validation experiments show that SAW-mixing (microstreaming) results in accelerated binding kinetics (time-to-saturation) for a standard assay with appropriate SAW excitation parameters. Since both SPR sensors and SAW transducers can be fabricated simultaneously using low-cost microfabrication methods, the proposed design should contribute to improved lab-on-chip devices for detecting and identifying biomolecules of interest with greater accuracy and speed across multiple applications.

Coherent optical component technologies for WDM transmission systems

Paper 7959-7 of Conference 7959
Date: Wednesday, 26 January 2011
Time: 8:00 AM – 8:30 AM

Author(s): Shinji Mino, Koichi Murata, Takashi Saida, Ikuo Ogawa, NTT Photonics Labs. (Japan)
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Our recent progress toward 100 Gbps and beyond is reviewed, focusing on integrated optical devices. Topics include our recently developed integrated optical receiver front-ends for 100Gbps PDM-QPSK based on multi-channel micro collimator optics and hermetically sealed O/E converters, and PLC-LiNbO3 hybrid optical modulators for 100Gbps PDM-QPSK. We also show our recent activities toward beyond 100 Gbps, including 64 QAM modulators, modulation-level-selectable modulators, and high-speed digital-analog convertor ICs for future multi-level transmissions.

Coherent optical component technologies for WDM transmission systems

Paper 7958-7 of Conference 7958
Date: Wednesday, 26 January 2011
Time: 8:00 AM – 8:30 AM

Author(s): Shinji Mino, Koichi Murata, Takashi Saida, Ikuo Ogawa, NTT Photonics Labs. (Japan)
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Our recent progress toward 100 Gbps and beyond is reviewed, focusing on integrated optical devices. Topics include our recently developed integrated optical receiver front-ends for 100Gbps PDM-QPSK based on multi-channel micro collimator optics and hermetically sealed O/E converters, and PLC-LiNbO3 hybrid optical modulators for 100Gbps PDM-QPSK. We also show our recent activities toward beyond 100 Gbps, including 64 QAM modulators, modulation-level-selectable modulators, and high-speed digital-analog convertor ICs for future multi-level transmissions.

Coherent optical component technologies for WDM transmission systems

Paper 7960-7 of Conference 7960
Date: Wednesday, 26 January 2011
Time: 8:00 AM – 8:30 AM

Author(s): Shinji Mino, Koichi Murata, Takashi Saida, Ikuo Ogawa, NTT Photonics Labs. (Japan)
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Our recent progress toward 100 Gbps and beyond is reviewed, focusing on integrated optical devices. Topics include our recently developed integrated optical receiver front-ends for 100Gbps PDM-QPSK based on multi-channel micro collimator optics and hermetically sealed O/E converters, and PLC-LiNbO3 hybrid optical modulators for 100Gbps PDM-QPSK. We also show our recent activities toward beyond 100 Gbps, including 64 QAM modulators, modulation-level-selectable modulators, and high-speed digital-analog convertor ICs for future multi-level transmissions.

Ultrafast laser fabrication of 3D photonic structures in rare-earth doped glasses and nonlinear optical materials

Paper 7921-14 of Conference 7921
Date: Thursday, 27 January 2011
Time: 8:20 AM – 8:50 AM

Author(s): Kevin P. Chen, Univ. of Pittsburgh (United States)
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In this paper, we present research results on ultrafast laser fabrication of complex multi-layer optical structures in active glass and nonlinear optical materials. Multi-layer 4×4 lightwave circuits were fabricated in silica glass for inter-chip optical interconnect; ring oscillators were fabricated in Nd:YAG ceramic materials for on-chip waveguide laser; and o-ring resonators were laser written in LiNbO3 nonlinear crystals for all-optical optical switching.

Wavelength and time-multiplexed multi-channel lidar transmitter for topographic mapping mission

Paper 7912-2 of Conference 7912
Date: Sunday, 23 January 2011
Time: 2:30 PM – 2:50 PM

Author(s): Youming Chen, Frank Kimpel, Jean-Luc Fouron, Shantanu Gupta, Fibertek, Inc. (United States); Jeffrey R. Chen, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr. (United States)
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We demonstrate an innovative architecture for a nsec pulsed lidar transmitter, scalable to large channel counts, via wavelength- and time-multiplexing in a multi-stage Yb-fiber amplifier. This technology enables lidar systems for topographic mapping missions, requiring much greater spatial coverage and range resolution. We demonstrate prototype hardware, where seed lasers at 1060nm, 1061nm and 1064nm are multiplexed, and 1.3nsec pulse is carved out using LiNbO3 EO-modulators, at repetition rate of 333.3kHz, with equal time interleaving between wavelengths. The multiplexed pulses are amplified to >20W average power, in an optimized 3-stage Yb-fiber amplifier system. We show simple demultiplexing and frequency-doubling of one of the wavelengths (1064nm). High-speed FPGA based control provides for independent and programmable control of the pulse rate, timing trigger, pulsewidth, and the intra-pulse-pattern for improved detection schemes.

Multistage phased electro-optical planar arrays for the manipulation of high power laser beams

Paper 7913-13 of Conference 7913
Date: Sunday, 23 January 2011
Time: 2:50 PM – 3:10 PM

Author(s): Mikhail M. Ivanenko, Alexei Krasnaberski, Alexei S. Mikhailov, Yuri V. Miklyaev, Lutz Aschke, Vitaly N. Lissotschenko, LIMO Lissotschenko Mikrooptik GmbH (Germany)
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A new type of low-voltage planar electro-optical (EO) devices for powerful lasers is described. Results for beam deflection with EO active 0.032x10x26 mm3 MgO:LiNbO3 LIMO waveguides are presented. Depending on the shape and arrangement of the control electrodes the waveguide can perform beam modulation or deflection, or acts as a phased EO array. Low control voltage (half-wave voltage 5 V) is a huge advantage of such components. The use of the multimode planar waveguides for this application is possible, while at certain geometrical conditions an entrance light filed is exactly reproduced at the exit (analog of classical Talbot effect, will be discussed).

1 W at 531 nm generated in a ppMgO:LN planar waveguide by means of frequency doubling of a DBR tapered diode laser

Paper 7917-2 of Conference 7917
Date: Monday, 24 January 2011
Time: 2:00 PM – 2:20 PM

Author(s): Daniel Jedrzejczyk, Reiner Güther, Katrin Paschke, Götz Erbert, Ferdinand-Braun-Institut (Germany)
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In this work, we investigated experimentally frequency doubling of DBR tapered diode laser radiation in a periodically poled MgO doped LiNbO3 planar waveguide. The laser emitted nearly diffraction limited, spectrally single-mode CW radiation at 1063 nm. With the applied lens system in a bench-top experiment a coupling efficiency into the planar waveguide of 73 % was reached. A maximal SH power of 1.07 W was generated at an optical and electro-optical conversion efficiency of 26 % and 8.4 %, respectively. Furthermore, the influence of the near-infrared power and of the crystal temperature on the second-harmonic power was investigated.

1 W at 531 nm generated in a ppMgO:LN planar waveguide by means of frequency doubling of a DBR tapered diode laser

Paper 7912-2 of Conference 7912
Date: Monday, 24 January 2011
Time: 2:00 PM – 2:20 PM

Author(s): Daniel Jedrzejczyk, Reiner Güther, Katrin Paschke, Götz Erbert, Ferdinand-Braun-Institut (Germany)
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In this work, we investigated experimentally frequency doubling of DBR tapered diode laser radiation in a periodically poled MgO doped LiNbO3 planar waveguide. The laser emitted nearly diffraction limited, spectrally single-mode CW radiation at 1063 nm. With the applied lens system in a bench-top experiment a coupling efficiency into the planar waveguide of 73 % was reached. A maximal SH power of 1.07 W was generated at an optical and electro-optical conversion efficiency of 26 % and 8.4 %, respectively. Furthermore, the influence of the near-infrared power and of the crystal temperature on the second-harmonic power was investigated.

High-power (1.1W) green (532nm) laser source based on single-pass second harmonic generation on a compact micro-optical bench

Paper 7912-3 of Conference 7912
Date: Monday, 24 January 2011
Time: 2:20 PM – 2:40 PM

Author(s): Peter Q. Liu, Princeton Univ. (United States) and Ferdinand-Braun-Institut (Germany); Christian Fiebig, Mirko Uebernickel, Gunnar Blume, David Feise, Alexander Sahm, Daniel Jedrzejczyk, Katrin Paschke, Goetz Erbert, Ferdinand-Braun-Institut (Germany)
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We demonstrate a high-power, compact green laser module emitting at 532 nm based on single-pass second harmonic generation. The pumping source is a distributed Bragg reflector tapered diode laser. The frequency conversion is performed with a 2.5 cm long periodically poled MgO:LiNbO3 crystal. The whole system is integrated on a highly compact micro-optical bench. 1.1 W green light was generated at ~7.6 W pump power, resulting in an optical conversion efficiency of nearly 15% and a wall-plug efficiency of 4.3%. The green laser beam shows a relatively good beam quality of M²σ=1.8 in vertical and M²σ=4.9 in lateral direction, respectively.

High-power (1.1W) green (532nm) laser source based on single-pass second harmonic generation on a compact micro-optical bench

Paper 7917-3 of Conference 7917
Date: Monday, 24 January 2011
Time: 2:20 PM – 2:40 PM

Author(s): Peter Q. Liu, Princeton Univ. (United States) and Ferdinand-Braun-Institut (Germany); Christian Fiebig, Mirko Uebernickel, Gunnar Blume, David Feise, Alexander Sahm, Daniel Jedrzejczyk, Katrin Paschke, Goetz Erbert, Ferdinand-Braun-Institut (Germany)
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We demonstrate a high-power, compact green laser module emitting at 532 nm based on single-pass second harmonic generation. The pumping source is a distributed Bragg reflector tapered diode laser. The frequency conversion is performed with a 2.5 cm long periodically poled MgO:LiNbO3 crystal. The whole system is integrated on a highly compact micro-optical bench. 1.1 W green light was generated at ~7.6 W pump power, resulting in an optical conversion efficiency of nearly 15% and a wall-plug efficiency of 4.3%. The green laser beam shows a relatively good beam quality of M²σ=1.8 in vertical and M²σ=4.9 in lateral direction, respectively.

Thermal optimization of the second harmonic generation with tapered diode lasers

Paper 7917-7 of Conference 7917
Date: Tuesday, 25 January 2011
Time: 8:40 AM – 9:00 AM

Author(s): Alexander Sahm, Mirko Uebernickel, Katrin Paschke, Götz Erbert, Günther Tränkle, Ferdinand-Braun-Institut (Germany)
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Recently, hybrid integrated compact laser sources with high optical output power in the visible range around 488 nm were demonstrated using tapered diode lasers and a single pass second harmonic generation using periodically poled LiNbO3. The maximum conversion efficiency of a given beam is theoretically achieved by a homogenous temperature distribution. In this paper we present a method for the optimization of the temperature management during the SHG which is necessary due to absorption effects. For a given pump power of 4 W we were able to increase the SHG output power of more than 20%.

Terahertz generation with tilted-front laser pulses: dynamical theory

Paper 7917-18 of Conference 7917
Date: Tuesday, 25 January 2011
Time: 2:40 PM – 3:00 PM

Author(s): Michael I. Bakunov, Univ. of Nizhny Novgorod (Russian Federation); Sergey B. Bodrov, Institute of Applied Physics (Russian Federation); Eugene Mashkovich, Univ. of Nizhny Novgorod (Russian Federation)
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A theory of terahertz emission from a femtosecond laser pulse with tilted intensity front propagating through a prism-shaped electro-optic crystal is developed. The theory accounts for transient effects at the entrance boundary of the crystal and allows one to explore the dynamics of terahertz generation in the crystal. Typical experimental situations - LiNbO3 excited with Ti:sapphire laser at room and cryogenic temperatures - are considered, and new schemes - GaAs excited at 1.8 and 3.5 um - are proposed and analyzed. The parameters of the laser pulse (transverse size, tilt angle, and pulse duration) and crystal size maximizing the terahertz yield are calculated.

A novel wireless love wave biosensor platform for multi-functional detection

Paper 7928-23 of Conference 7928
Date: Tuesday, 25 January 2011
Time: 6:00 PM

Author(s): Taehyeon Song, Kee-Keun Lee, Ajou Univ. (Korea, Republic of)
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We presented a novel wireless Love wave biosensor platform for multi-functional detection using polyimide and DNP receptor layer on 41o YX LiNbO3 piezoelectric substrate for anti-DNP detection. Based on the theoretical modeling, the wireless Love wave biosensor composed of IDTs and reflectors was fabricated as elements of the sensor. The fabricated devices were wirelessly characterized using network analyzer. The resultant reflection peaks exhibited large signal/noise ratio, sharp peaks, and a few spurious peaks owing to the mass loading effect. Excellent linearity, reproducibility, and high sensitivity were observed in the anti-DNP concentration range of 0 ~ 0.10mg/ml.

A study on fabrication of BaMgF4 thin film toward frequency-conversion device in UV/VUV region

Paper 7917-62 of Conference 7917
Date: Tuesday, 25 January 2011
Time: 6:00 PM

Author(s): Hiroya Matsukawa, Takaya Shimono, Nobuyuki Hirano, Hiroshi Kumagai, Osaka City Univ. (Japan)
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BaMgF4 is a ferroelectric fluoride which is transparent in the wavelength region from 125 nm to 1300 nm. The BaMgF4 is attractive ferroelectric crystal because it can be used as a quasi phase matching (QPM) device such as LiNbO3 or LiTaO3. In this study, we have purpose to fabricate BaMgF4 hetero-epitaxial thin films toward frequency-conversion devices. The optical-grade BaMgF4 single crystal has been fabricated by Bridgman method. Rather, we focus on fabrication of BaMgF4 thin films by the precise and careful method of ion beam sputtering. It will be possible to fabricate also its waveguide structure under the vacuum-consistent process.

The interference effect of the Rayleigh and shear-horizontal waves for a SAW gyroscope

Paper 7928-22 of Conference 7928
Date: Tuesday, 25 January 2011
Time: 6:00 PM

Author(s): Hyungkeun Lee, Haekwan Oh, Kee-Keun Lee, Sang Sik Yang, Ajou Univ. (Korea, Republic of)
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The interference effect of two intersecting surface acoustic waves (SAW) has been utilized in a SAW gyroscope. This paper characterizes the interference effect of Rayleigh wave propagating in x-direction and shear-horizontal(SH) wave propagating in y-direction on a piezoelectric substrate. We fabricated a device to investigate the interference effect on 128° YX LiNbO3 wafer. It consists of two interdigital transducers (IDTs) to transmit and receive the Rayleigh wave and another perpendicular IDT to transmit an interfering SH wave. The test result of the device using network analyzer shows that the velocity of the Rayleigh wave is reduced by the interference of SH wave and the frequency response is shifted.

Del Mar Photonics - Samples for presentation during Optics and Photonics 2008

LiNbO3 wafers from stock

LiNbO3 optical grade

LiNbO3 saw grade

Stoichiometric

MgO doped LiNbO3

LiNbO3 blocks and slabs

Block Y 40x10x1.5 mm Two sides polished

Block Y 48x15x1.5 mm Two sides polished

Block Y 48x30x1.5 mm Two sides polished

Slab Z 30x25x15 mm All sides polished

Slab Z 50x30x25 mm All sides polished

Slab Z 42x23x23 mm All sides polished

Slab Z 32x25x15 mm All sides polished

LiNbO3 boules are also available - e-mail us for details and quote
 

Model	Product Name+	Buy Now
BL-LiNbO3-40-10-1.5	LiNbO3 block, Y-cut, 40x10x1.5 mm, 2 sides polished
BL-LiNbO3-48-15-1.5	LiNbO3 block, Y-cut, 48x15x1.5 mm, 2 sides polished
BL-LiNbO3-48-30-1.5	LiNbO3 block, Y-cut, 48x30x1.5 mm, 2 sides polished
CR-LiNbO3-10-1.5-32	LiNbO3 crystal, X,Y,Z, 10x1.5x32 mm
CR-LiNbO3-6-6-30	LiNbO3 crystal, X,Y,Z, 6x6x30 mm
CR-LiNbO3-9-9-25	LiNbO3 crystal, X,Y,Z, 9x9x25 mm
CR-LiNbO3-6-6-30	LiNbO3 crystal, X-cut, 6x6x30 mm
CR-LiNbO3-22-8-1	LiNbO3 crystal, Y+36 deg., 22x8x1 mm
CR-LiNbO3-6-6-30	LiNbO3 crystal, Z-cut, 6x6x30 mm
SL-LiNbO3-30-25-15	LiNbO3 slab, Z-cut, 30x25x15 mm, all sides polished
SL-LiNbO3-32-25-15	LiNbO3 slab, Z-cut, 32x25x15 mm, all sides polished
SL-LiNbO3-42-23-23	LiNbO3 slab, Z-cut, 42x23x23 mm, all sides polished
SL-LiNbO3-50-30-25	LiNbO3 slab, Z-cut, 50x30x25 mm, all sides polished
WA-LiNbO3-100-1	LiNbO3 wafer, X-cut, 100 mm x 1.0 mm, 2 sides polished
WA-LiNbO3-3-0.22	LiNbO3 wafer, X-cut, 3"x0.22 mm, 2 sides polished
WA-LiNbO3-3-0.5	LiNbO3 wafer, X-cut, 3"x0.5 mm, 2 sides polished
WA-LiNbO3-100-1	LiNbO3 wafer, Y-cut, 100 mm x 1.0 mm, 2 sides polished
WA-LiNbO3-3-0.6	LiNbO3 wafer, Y-cut, 3"x0.6 mm, 2 sides polished
WA-LiNbO3-4-0.5	LiNbO3 wafer, YZ-cut, 4"x0.5 mm, stoichiometric

Model	Product Name+	Buy Now
WA-LiNbO3-100-1	LiNbO3 wafer, Z-cut, 100 mm x 1.0 mm, 2 sides polished
WA-LiNbO3-2-1	LiNbO3 wafer, Z-cut, 2"x1.0 mm, stoichiometric
WA-LiNbO3-3-1	LiNbO3 wafer, Z-cut, 3"x1.0 mm, 2 sides polished
WA-LiNbO3-3-2	LiNbO3 wafer, Z-cut, 3"x2.0 mm, 2 sides polished
WA-LiNbO3-100-0.5	LiNbO3 wafer, ø 100 mm, thickn. 0.5 mm

Model	Product Name+	Buy Now
WA-LiNbO3-100-0.22	LiNbO3 wafer, Y/127.85°-cut, 100 mm x 0.22 mm, one side polished
WA-LiNbO3-100-1	LiNbO3 wafer, Y/127.85°-cut, 100 mm x 1.0 mm, one side polished
WA-LiNbO3-4-0.5	LiNbO3 wafer, Y/127.85°-cut, 4"x0.5 mm, one side polished
WA-LiNbO3-3-0.5	LiNbO3 wafer, Y/36-cut, 3"x0.5 mm, one side (+) polished
WA-LiNbO3-3-0.5	LiNbO3 wafer, Y/36-cut, 3"x0.5 mm, one side (-) polished

Model	Product Name+	Buy Now
WA-MgO-LiNbO3-3-1	MgO-LiNbO3 wafer, Y-cut, 3"x1.0 mm, two sides polished
WA-MgO-LiNbO3-2-1	MgO-LiNbO3 wafer, Z-cut, 2"x1.0 mm, two sides polished
WA-MgO-LiNbO3-3-1	MgO-LiNbO3 wafer, Z-cut, 3"x1.0 mm, two sides polished

LiNbO3 related presentations during Optics and Photonics 2008

Modified sol-gel method for patterned lithium niobate thin film preparation (Poster Presentation)
Paper 7056-41 of Conference 7056
Authors(s): Armen R. Poghosyan, Institute for Physical Research (Armenia); Ruyan Guo, The Univ. of Texas at San Antonio (United States); Stepan G. Grigoryan, Aleksandr L. Manukyan, Eduard S. Vardanyan, Institute for Physical Research (Armenia)
Date: Tuesday, 12 August 2008
Time: 8:00 PM

For the first time patterned single crystal LiNbO3 thin films and waveguide devices have been successfully obtained by direct crystallization of precursor (dried gel) pattern. These precursor (dried gel) thin film patterns were prepared by two new related methods: from photosensitive sol-gel solution and by etching LiNbO3 precursor film using photoresist. Unlike crystalline LiNbO3, the precursor films are easily etched. When grown on a sapphire substrate and properly annealed, the patterned precursor material becomes single crystal. The developed method of production patterned lithium niobate thin films is the basis for future integrated optical devices.

Ultraviolet-infrared laser-induced domain inversion in MgO-doped congruent LiNbO3 and near stoichiometric LiTaO3 crystals (Paper Presentation)
Paper 7056-65 of Conference 7056
Authors(s): Ya'nan Zhi, Weijuan Qu, De'an Liu, Jianfeng Sun, Aimin Yan, Liren Liu, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics (China)
Date: Thursday, 14 August 2008
Time: 3:00 PM – 3:30 PM

Laser-induced domain inversion is a promising technique for domain engineering in LiNbO3 and LiTaO3. The ultraviolet-infrared laser induced domain inversions in MgO:LiNbO3 and near stoichiometric LiTaO3 (NSLT) crystals are investigated for the first time. The different reductions of nucleation field induced by the focused ultraviolet-infrared laser irradiation are systematically investigated in MgO:LiNbO3 crystals. The focused ultraviolet laser-induced ferroelectric domain inversion in NSLT is also investigated. The double threshold effects of laser-induced domain nucleation in both crystals are also observed. The results support the solid proofs and feasible schemes for the further investigation of laser-induced domain engineering in both crystals.

Generation of self-focused electron beam by pyroelectric/photogalvanic crystal accelerators (Poster Presentation)
Paper 7056-68 of Conference 7056
Authors(s): Nickolai V. Kukhtarev, Alabama A&M Univ. (United States)
Date: Tuesday, 12 August 2008
Time: 8:00 PM

N.Kukhtarev, T.Kukhtareva, G.Stargell
Phys.Dep. Alabama A&M University, Normal (Huntsville) Al 35762,
V.B. Samoilov, Institute of Physics, NAS, Kiev, Ukraine

We have observed generation of the electron beam by the pyroelectric crystal placed in the vacuum chamber. Different pyroelctric materials, Fe-doped LiNbO3 and L-alanine doped TGS crystals, were tested.
Heating/cooling cycles of the crystals in the vacuum (P~ 1-5 mTorr) produce uncompensated surface charges and strong electric field (~ 100kV/cm) on the polar crystal faces. These fringing fields ionize ambient gas and accelerate electrons to high energies (~100 KeV). For photosensitive LiNbO3 crystal electrical charging and generation of electrons may be done by laser illumination, via photogalvanic effect. These generated electrons can be detected by the fluorescent ZnS screen or by the X-rays produced by placing copper plate in the electron beam.

Domain switching of congruent lithium niobate crystals with surface modification (Poster Presentation)
Paper 7056-42 of Conference 7056
Authors(s): Armen R. Poghosyan, Eduard S. Vardanyan, Ira A. Ghambaryan, Institute for Physical Research (Armenia)
Date: Tuesday, 12 August 2008
Time: 8:00 PM

This paper presents electric field domain switching experiments carried out on congruent lithium niobate crystals with Li enriched surface layer. Li enrichment of congruent lithium niobate surface has been made by sample annealing in Li3NbO4 or LiNbO3:Li3NbO4 (1:1) powder during 0.5 or 1 h at 800oC. It was found that the Li enrichment of congruent lithium niobate surface layer allows to obtain a composition of surface layer very close to stoichiometry and has enabled domain inversion with the lower electric field than in congruent material.

Maximized diffraction efficiency for integrated volume grating instruments (Poster Presentation)
Paper 7056-53 of Conference 7056
Authors(s): Zhifang Chai, East China Normal Univ. (China)
Date: Tuesday, 12 August 2008
Time: 8:00 PM

In this paper the oscillatory characteristic of diffraction efficiency in doubly-doped LiNbO3 crystals is used to reduce the loss of light intensity in integrated instruments through considering the erased process by the sensitizing light during the next grating recorded. The results show that a nearly 100% diffraction can be obtained theoretically for each grating if the refractive-index change is big enough. The number of integrated volume grating depends on the cycle’s number of diffraction efficiency during recording process. In the last, the material parameters are optimized to obtain more oscillating cycles of diffraction efficiency during recording process.

Interferometric characterization of pyroelectrically activated micro-arrays of liquid lenses in lithium niobate crystals (Paper Presentation)
Paper 7064-3 of Conference 7064
Authors(s): Simonetta Grilli, Lisa Miccio, Veronica Vespini, Pietro Ferraro, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica Applicata (Italy)
Date: Wednesday, 13 August 2008
Time: 2:10 PM – 2:30 PM

This paper reports about the possibility to achieve lensing effect by a technique based on an open microfluidic system consisting of a tiny amount of appropriate liquid manipulated by the pyroelectric effect onto periodically poled LiNbO3 substrates. An electrowetting process is performed to actuate the liquid film by using the surface charges generated pyroelectrically. The configuration is electrode-less, thus improving the device flexibility and easiness of fabrication. The curvature of the liquid lenses has been characterized by an interferometric technique. The results showing the evolution of the lens curvature with the temperature variation will be presented and discussed.

Single-beam phase conjugation for lasers phase locking in free space and image formation (Paper Presentation)
Paper 7056-89 of Conference 7056
Authors(s): Nickolai V. Kukhtarev, Tatiana V. Kukhtareva, Michael J. Curley, Gregory Stargell, Alabama A&M Univ. (United States)
Date: Wednesday, 13 August 2008
Time: 3:00 PM – 3:20 PM

Single-beam phase conjugation (self-phase conjugation, or SPC) was observed in the ferroelectric crystal LiNbO3:Fe using CW HeNe laser (wavelength 632 nm power 10- 36 mW). Effective “out/in” reflection coefficient of phase conjugation (defined as the ratio the outpui phase-conjugated beam to the input laser beam measured before optical elements) was about 30%. Two He-Ne lasers were phase locked in free space using single-beam phase conjugation.
For some crystals efficient phase conjugation was followed by the simultaneous generation of Fabry-Perot modes. Phase locking of two HeNe lasers and imaging of the amplitude objects with help of self-phase conjugation was demonstrated.

Ultrahigh-sensitivity frequency-comb-referenced multiparametric sensors based on 1D photonic components (Paper Presentation)
Paper 7056-17 of Conference 7056
Authors(s): Paolo De Natale, Gianluca Gagliardi, Pasquale Maddaloni, Pietro Malara, Mario Salza, Pietro Ferraro, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica Applicata (Italy)
Date: Wednesday, 13 August 2008
Time: 4:20 PM – 4:40 PM

A novel generation of sensors of molecular concentration as well as of strain and temperature is reported. Such devices, based on 1-D photonic structures, rely on ultrastable laser sources referenced to a fiber-based optical-frequency-comb synthesizer. In one system, coherent radiation around 3 micron wavelength, produced by frequency mixing in a periodically-poled LiNbO3 crystal, is used for high-sensitivity spectroscopic detection of trace gases. The other device, based on fiber Bragg grating components, provides strain and temperature sensing with extremely high sensitivities. These sensors can be inserted in a multi-parametric network for real time and continuous monitoring of volcanic areas.

Decoding software for computer instructions stored as Fourier holograms into a LiNbO3:Fe crystal (Poster Presentation)
Paper 7072-52 of Conference 7072
Authors(s): Edmundo Rodriguez-Vázquez, Eduardo Tepichin-Rodriguez, Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica (Mexico)
Date: Wednesday, 13 August 2008
Time: 5:30 PM

In this work, is described a special software developed for decode computer instructions; which are codified as information binary pages and are stored as Fourier holograms into a LiNbO3:Fe photorefractive crystal. A sequential program is conformed by these computer instructions, and it commands an electro-optical system; which emulates a reprogrammable digital circuit. To execute each computer instruction, the position of the crystal has to change; because of this the holograms output images are not focusing in the same output plane. This software solves the focusing problem with the implementation of a digital spatial filter and some special criteria.

Multi-beam coupling in doubly-doped photorefractive LiNbO3:Fe:Mn crystals (Poster Presentation)
Paper 7072-40 of Conference 7072
Authors(s): Cuixia Dai, Shanghai Univ. (China)
Date: Wednesday, 13 August 2008
Time: 5:30 PM